The valiha is a traditional string instrument from Madagascar, considered the national Malagasy instrument. It is a bamboo tube zither with 4 to 24 metal strings.
Construction
The valiha is made from a hollow bamboo cylinder, with metal strings stretched along the tube. The number of strings varies by region: 4 for the oldest, up to 21 or 24 in modern versions. The strings are tuned to Malagasy gamelan (pentatonic system or tempered scale).
History and usage
The valiha is one of the oldest traditional instruments in Madagascar, used in ceremonies, folklore and popular music. Its clear, crystalline sound is deeply integrated into Malagasy culture: it accompanies dances, ceremonies and songs. The valiha is also used in Malagasy salon music and tsapika ensembles.
Notable players
- Hira-Toro — Malagasy valiha group (and the Malagasy rock band)
- Hery Andrianarivo — valiha virtuoso
Links to styles
The valiha is at the heart of madécasse traditions. It often accompanies marovany and kabosy.