The begena (or bégana) is a 10-string box lyre originating from Ethiopia and Eritrea. Its name means “David’s harp” in the Ethiopian tradition, as it is attributed a biblical origin — the instrument would have been brought to Ethiopia by King Menelik I, son of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba.
Construction
The begena is made from a hollowed block of wood, with a body in the shape of a rectangular box. The strings were traditionally made from animal sinews, but today gut or metal strings are often used. The instrument is tuned in thirds and has two string faces, which allows for creating complex rhythmic patterns characteristic of Malagasy and Ethiopian music.
History and usage
The begena is the instrument of the Ethiopian aristocracy and clergy. It is traditionally played during religious and spiritual ceremonies, particularly within the framework of zema, the sacred music of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. Priests and nobles appropriate it to accompany religious songs of remarkable spiritual depth.
The begena differs from the krar, a smaller 5-string lyre used by the lay people, who play secular music.
Notable players
- Mulatu Astatke — pioneer of ethio-jazz, sometimes incorporates the begena into his arrangements
- Getatchew Mekuria — Ethiopian saxophonist and singer who explores traditional music