Mbalax
The mbalax is the national musical style of Senegal, born in Dakar in the 1970s. Created and popularized by Youssou N’Dour, the term mbalax means “rhythm” in Wolof. It fuses traditional Wolof forms (sabar, tama/ballon) and Manding music with afro-cuban influences, rock, and soul. The complex rhythms of the sabar (traditional Senegalese drums) played on modern drum kits and guitar are the hallmark of the style.
Youssou N’Dour began with the Star Band of Dakar (around 1974), before forming Étoile de Dakar. His albums The Guide (Wommat) (1994) and Egypt (2005, Grammy Award World Music) remain classics. Mbalax incorporates the taasú (recitation in griot style), balafon solos, and multiple choirs.
Other notable artists include Baaba Maal (peul, more oriented toward world), Ismaël Lo, Étoile de Dakar, and the group Xalam.
References
- Wikipedia — Mbalax
- Britannica — Youssou N’Dour
- Guide Stern, Ch. 8 (Senegal) and Sweet Mother, Ch. 1
